lyapunov_max¶
-
gala.dynamics.
lyapunov_max
(w0, integrator, dt, n_steps, d0=1e-05, n_steps_per_pullback=10, noffset_orbits=8, t1=0.0, units=None)[source]¶ Compute the maximum Lyapunov exponent of an orbit by integrating many nearby orbits (
noffset
) separated with isotropically distributed directions but the same initial deviation length,d0
. This algorithm re-normalizes the offset orbits everyn_steps_per_pullback
steps.Parameters: - w0 :
PhaseSpacePosition
, array_like Initial conditions.
- integrator :
Integrator
An instantiated
Integrator
object. Must have a run() method.- dt : numeric
Timestep.
- n_steps : int
Number of steps to run for.
- d0 : numeric (optional)
The initial separation.
- n_steps_per_pullback : int (optional)
Number of steps to run before re-normalizing the offset vectors.
- noffset_orbits : int (optional)
Number of offset orbits to run.
- t1 : numeric (optional)
Time of initial conditions. Assumed to be t=0.
- units :
UnitSystem
(optional) If passing in an array (not a
PhaseSpacePosition
), you must specify a unit system.
Returns: - w0 :